Iinjini zeServo kunye neerobhothi ziguqula usetyenziso olongezelelweyo. Funda iingcebiso zamva nje kunye nezicelo xa uphumeza i-robotic automation kunye nolawulo lwentshukumo oluphucukileyo lokwenziwa kokongeza kunye nokunciphisa, kunye nokulandelayo: cinga iindlela ezixubileyo zokongeza / zokuthabatha.
UKUQHUBEKA OKUZIZENZELELAYO
NguSarah Mellish kunye noRoseMary Burns
Ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo zokuguqula amandla, itekhnoloji yokulawula intshukumo, iirobhothi ezibhetyebhetye ngokugqithisileyo kunye nomxube we-eclectic wobunye ubugcisa obuphambili zizinto eziqhuba ukukhula okukhawulezayo kweenkqubo ezintsha zokuyila kulo lonke ilizwe lemizimveliso. Ukuguqula indlela iiprototypes, iinxalenye kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngayo, ukuveliswa okongeziweyo kunye nokuthabathayo yimizekelo emibini ephambili ebonelele ngokusebenzayo kunye nabaqulunqi beendleko zokonga bafuna ukuhlala bekhuphisana.
Kubhekiselwa kuyo njengoshicilelo lwe-3D, ukuveliswa okongeziweyo (AM) yindlela engeyiyo eyemveli edla ngokusebenzisa idatha yoyilo lwedijithali ukwenza izinto eziqinileyo ezinokwakheka kuka-ntathu ngokudibanisa imaleko yemathiriyeli ngokwemaleko ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Rhoqo ukwenza iinxalenye ezikufutshane ne-net-shape (NNS) ngaphandle kwenkunkuma, ukusetyenziswa kwe-AM kuzo zombini ezisisiseko kunye noyilo lwemveliso entsonkothileyo iyaqhubeka nokungena kumashishini afana neemoto, i-aerospace, amandla, ezonyango, ezothutho kunye neemveliso zabathengi. Ngokuchasene noko, inkqubo yokunciphisa ibandakanya ukukhupha amacandelo kwibhloko yezinto eziphathekayo ngokusika okuphezulu okanye ukucwangciswa ukwenza imveliso ye-3D.
Nangona kukho ukungafani okuphambili, iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo kunye ne-subtractive azihlali zihambelana ngokufanayo - njengoko zingasetyenziselwa ukuncoma izigaba ezahlukeneyo zokuphuhliswa kwemveliso. Imodeli yengcamango yokuqala okanye iprototype isoloko idalwa yinkqubo yokongeza. Emva kokuba loo mveliso igqityiwe, iibhetshi ezinkulu zinokufuneka, zivule umnyango wokuvelisa okunciphisayo. Kutshanje, apho ixesha libaluleke kakhulu, iindlela zokudibanisa i-hybrid / subtractive zisetyenziselwa izinto ezifana nokulungisa iindawo ezonakalisiweyo / ezigugileyo okanye ukudala iindawo ezisemgangathweni kunye nexesha elincinci lokukhokela.
ZENZAKALELAYO PHAMBILI
Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zabathengi, abaqulunqi badibanisa uluhlu lwemathiriyeli yocingo njengentsimbi engatyiwa, nickel, cobalt, ichrome, titanium, ialuminium kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezingafaniyo kulwakhiwo lwazo, ukuqala ngenxalenye ethambileyo kodwa eyomeleleyo kunye nokugqibezela ngokuqina, ukunxiba. -icandelo elixhathisayo. Ngokwengxenye, oku kubonakalise imfuno yezisombululo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwimveliso enkulu kunye nomgangatho kwiindawo zokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo kunye nezikhuphayo, ngakumbi apho iinkqubo ezifana ne-wire arc additive production (WAAM), i-WAAM-subtractive, i-laser cladding-subtractive okanye i-decoration ichaphazelekayo. Amagqabantshintshi aquka:
- Itekhnoloji yeServo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu:Ukulungisa ngcono iinjongo zexesha-ukuya-kwimarike kunye neenkcukacha zoyilo lwabathengi, apho ukuchaneka komgangatho kunye nomgangatho wokugqiba uchaphazelekayo, abasebenzisi bokugqibela bajikela kubashicileli be-3D abaphambili abaneenkqubo ze-servo (ngaphaya kweemotho ze-stepper) kulawulo olulungileyo lwentshukumo. Izibonelelo zeemoto ze-servo, ezinje nge-Yaskawa's Sigma-7, zijike inkqubo yokongeza entloko, ukunceda abaqulunqi boyise imiba eqhelekileyo ngokuxhobisa umshicileli:
- Ukucinezelwa kweVibration: Iimoto ze-servo ezomeleleyo ziqhayisa ngezihluzi zokucinezela, kunye ne-anti-resonance kunye nezihluzo ze-notch, zinikezela intshukumo egudileyo enokuphelisa imigca enyathelweyo engabonakaliyo ebangelwa yi-stepper motor torque ripple.
- Ukwandiswa kwesantya: isantya soshicilelo se-350 mm/sec siyinyani ngoku, ngaphezu kokuphinda kabini isantya esiphakathi soshicilelo somshicileli we-3D usebenzisa i-stepper motor. Ngokufanayo, isantya sokuhamba ukuya kwi-1,500 mm / sec sinokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-rotary okanye ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha / isekhondi usebenzisa iteknoloji ye-servo yomgca. Ukwazi ukukhawulezisa okukhawulezileyo okubonelelwe ngee-servos zokusebenza okuphezulu kwenza ukuba iintloko zoshicilelo ze-3D zihanjiswe kwiindawo zazo ezifanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Oku kuhamba indlela ende ekudambiseni isidingo sokucothisa inkqubo yonke ukuya kumgangatho ofunekayo wokugqiba. Emva koko, olu hlaziyo kulawulo lwentshukumo lukwathetha ukuba abasebenzisi bokuphela banokwenza iinxalenye ezininzi ngeyure ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.
- Ulungelelwaniso oluzenzekelayo: iinkqubo ze-servo zinokwenza ngokuzimeleyo ukulungiswa kwesiko, okwenza kube lula ukuqhelanisa neenguqu kubuxhakaxhaka bomshicileli okanye ukwahluka kwinkqubo yoshicilelo. Iimotor ze-3D stepper azisebenzisi ingxelo yesikhundla, zenza ukuba kube nzima ukuhlawulela utshintsho kwiinkqubo okanye ukungangqinelani koomatshini.
- Ingxelo ye-encoder: Iisistim ze-servo ezomeleleyo ezinikezela ngengxelo ye-encoder epheleleyo zifuna kuphela ukwenza inkqubo ye-homing kube kanye, okukhokelela kwixesha eliphezulu kunye nokongiwa kweendleko. Abashicileli be-3D abasebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-stepper motor abanalo olu phawu kwaye bafuna ukugcinwa ekhaya ngalo lonke ixesha bexhotyiswa.
- Ukuva impendulo: i-extruder yomshicileli we-3D ihlala ingumqobo kwinkqubo yoshicilelo, kwaye i-stepper motor ayinayo imvakalelo yokubona i-extruder jam - intsilelo enokukhokelela ekonakalisweni komsebenzi wokushicilela wonke. Unale nto engqondweni, iinkqubo ze-servo zinokubona i-backups ephumayo kwaye zithintele ukuhluthwa kwemicu. Isitshixo kusetyenziso oluphezulu loshicilelo lunenkqubo evaliweyo yeluphu ephakathi kwi-high-resolution optical encoder. Iimotor zeServo ezine-24-bit absolute high-resolution encoder zinokubonelela nge-16,777,216 bits yesisombululo sempendulo evaliweyo ye-axis enkulu kunye nokuchaneka kwe-extruder, kunye nongqamaniso kunye nokhuseleko lwejam.
- IiRobhothi eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu:Kanye njengokuba iimotor ze-servo ezomeleleyo ziguqula usetyenziso olongezelelweyo, zikwanjalo neerobhothi. Indlela yabo yokusebenza egqwesileyo, ubume bomatshini obuqinileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kothuli oluphezulu (IP) ukulinganisa - kudityaniswe nolawulo oluphezulu lwe-anti-vibration kunye nekhono le-multi-axis - yenza iirobhothi ezine-axis eziguquguqukayo kakhulu zibe yinto efanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezifunwayo ezijikeleze ukusetyenziswa kwe-3D. abashicileli, kunye neentshukumo ezingundoqo zokwenziwa kokuthabatha kunye neendlela ezixubeneyo zokongeza/ zokuthabatha.
Irobhothi ezenzekelayo ehambelana noomatshini boshicilelo be-3D ibandakanya ngokubanzi ukuphathwa kweendawo eziprintiweyo kufakelo koomatshini abaninzi. Ukusuka ekothuleni iinxalenye zomntu ngamnye kumatshini wokushicilela, ukuya ukwahlula iinxalenye emva komjikelo woshicilelo onamacandelo amaninzi, iirobhothi ezibhetyebhetye kakhulu nezisebenzayo zilungiselela ukusebenza ngokugqithileyo kunye neenzuzo zemveliso.
Ngokushicilela kwe-3D yendabuko, iirobhothi ziluncedo ngokulawula umgubo, ukugcwalisa kwakhona umgubo womshicileli xa kufuneka kwaye ususa umgubo kwiindawo ezigqityiweyo. Ngokukwanjalo, enye inxalenye yokugqiba imisebenzi ethandwa ngokuyilwa kwentsimbi njengokusila, ukupolisha, ukudiliza okanye ukusika ifumaneka ngokulula. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho, kunye neemfuno zokupakishwa kunye nezixhobo zikwahlangatyezwa ngokuthe ngqo ngetekhnoloji yerobhothi, ukukhulula abaqulunqi bemveliso ukuba bagxininise ixesha labo kumsebenzi owongeziweyo wexabiso eliphezulu, njengokwenza isiko.
Kwizixhobo zokusebenza ezinkulu, iirobhothi zamashishini ezifikela ixesha elide zixhotyiswa ukuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo intloko yomshicileli we-3D. Oku, ngokubambisana nezixhobo ze-peripheral ezifana neziseko ezijikelezayo, ii-positioners, iingoma ezilandelelanayo, iigantries kunye nokunye, zibonelela ngendawo yokusebenza efunekayo ukudala izakhiwo zefom ye-spatial free-form. Ngaphandle kweprototyping yeklasikhi ekhawulezayo, iirobhothi zisetyenziselwa ukwenza umthamo omkhulu wamalungu asimahla, iifom zokubumba, ulwakhiwo lwe-3D-shaped truss kunye neenxalenye zemixube efomathi enkulu. - Izilawuli zoomatshini be-Multi-axis:Itekhnoloji entsha yokudibanisa ukuya kuthi ga kwii-axes ezingama-62 zokushukuma kwindawo enye ngoku yenza ulungelelwaniso oluninzi loluhlu olubanzi lweerobhothi zoshishino, iinkqubo ze-servo kunye nee-frequency frequency drives ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezongezelelweyo, ezithathayo kunye ne-hybride kunokwenzeka. Intsapho yonke yezixhobo ngoku inokusebenza ngokudibeneyo phantsi kolawulo olupheleleyo kunye nokubeka iliso kwi-PLC (Umlawuli we-Programmable Logic Control) okanye umlawuli womatshini we-IEC, njengeMP3300iec. Ihlala icwangciswe ngephakeji yesoftware ye-61131 ye-IEC eguqukayo, efana ne-MotionWorks IEC, amaqonga achubekileyo afana neli asebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo (okt, iikhowudi ze-RepRap ze-G, iSazobe sokuSebenza esiBhloko, iSibhalo esiMiselweyo, iSazobe seLali, njl. njl.). Ukuququzelela ukudityaniswa lula kunye nokwandisa ixesha lomatshini, izixhobo esele zilungiselelwe njengembuyekezo yomgangatho webhedi, ukulawulwa kwangaphambili koxinzelelo lwe-extruder, i-spindle ezininzi kunye nolawulo lwe-extruder zibandakanyiwe.
- ImiSebenzi yoMsebenzi ekwiNdlela ePhakamileyo:Iluncedo kakhulu kwizicelo zoshicilelo lwe-3D, ukusika imilo, isixhobo somatshini kunye nerobhothi, iipakethe ezahlukeneyo zesoftware zinokuzisa ngokukhawuleza ujongano lomatshini wegraphical olulula ukwenza ngokwezifiso, ukubonelela indlela eya kwizinto ezininzi. Idizayinwe ngobuchule bokuyila kunye nokwenza ngcono engqondweni, amaqonga anengqiqo, njengeYaskawa Compass, avumela abavelisi ukuba benze uphawu kunye nokwenza lula izikrini. Ukusuka kubandakanywa iimpawu zoomatshini ezingundoqo ukulungiselela iimfuno zabathengi, inkqubo encinci iyafuneka - njengoko ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngelayibrari ebanzi ye-plug-ins ye-C # eyakhiwe kwangaphambili okanye ivumela ukungeniswa kweeplagi eziqhelekileyo.
NYUKA PHEZULU
Ngelixa inkqubo yokongeza kunye neyokunciphisayo ihlala idumile, utshintsho olukhulu olubhekiselele kwindlela yokudibanisa / yokunciphisa iya kwenzeka kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-14.8 ekhulwini ngo-2027.1, Imakethi yomatshini wokwenza okongeziweyo oxutyiweyo ikulungele ukuhlangabezana nokunyuka kweemfuno zabathengi. Ukuphakama ngaphezu kokhuphiswano, abavelisi kufuneka balinganise izinto ezilungileyo kunye nezibi zendlela ye-hybrid yokusebenza kwabo. Ngokukwazi ukuvelisa iinxalenye njengoko kufuneka, ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwekhabhoni, inkqubo ye-hybrid additive / subtractive inika izibonelelo ezikhangayo. Noxa kunjalo, ubugcisa obuphambili bezi nkqubo akufunekanga bubethwe ngoyaba kwaye kufuneka buphunyezwe kwimigangatho yeevenkile ukuququzelela imveliso enkulu kunye nomgangatho wemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-13-2021
